The Two Biggest Killers: Overwatering and Wrong Light
Overwatering is responsible for more dead houseplants than any other cause. Most people water on a schedule (every Wednesday) rather than based on what the plant actually needs. The correct approach is to water based on soil moisture, not the calendar.
Watering Correctly
- 1
Check the soil before every watering
Push your finger 3–4cm into the soil. If it is moist, wait. If it is dry, water thoroughly. For succulents and cacti: let the soil dry out completely between waterings. For tropical plants (pothos, philodendron, monstera): water when the top 3–5cm is dry. For moisture-loving plants (ferns, peace lily): water when the top 1–2cm is dry.
- 2
Water thoroughly when you do water
When the soil is dry, water until it drains freely from the bottom holes. This ensures the entire root system receives moisture. Shallow watering (just wetting the surface) encourages shallow, weak root growth. After watering, empty the saucer after 30 minutes — roots sitting in water rot quickly.
- 3
Drainage holes are non-negotiable
Every pot must have drainage holes. Beautiful pots without holes cause root rot because excess water has nowhere to go. Either drill holes, use a smaller pot with drainage inside the decorative pot, or plant in a pot with holes and use the decorative pot as a sleeve only.
Getting Light Right
- Bright indirect light (near a window but not in direct sun): Most tropical houseplants — monstera, pothos, peace lily, fiddle-leaf fig, most ferns
- Direct sun (south or west-facing window, in the sun): Cacti, succulents, some herbs
- Low light (no direct sun, away from windows): Very few plants truly thrive here. ZZ plant, snake plant and pothos tolerate low light better than most but still prefer indirect light.
Other Common Problems
- Yellowing leaves: Usually overwatering, too little light, or normal ageing of older leaves. Check soil moisture first.
- Brown leaf tips: Usually low humidity (very common in airconditioned homes) or inconsistent watering. Mist leaves or place on a pebble tray with water.
- Drooping: Could be underwatering (soil dry) or overwatering (soil wet but roots rotted). Check the soil to distinguish.
- Not growing: Most houseplants grow slowly in winter. Fertilise during spring and summer growing season with a liquid fertiliser monthly.